Earth Atmospherics, Tectonics, and Geology

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://www.jupitersdance.com/

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Jupiter's Dance

Research shows that large earthquakes occur at low sunspot frequencies. A sample of global earthquakes greater than Magnitude 6 for the period 1973-2005 (USGS) compared to smoothed monthly sunspot figures (SIDC) show that 71% of earthquake energy is released and 59% of earthquake events occur at lower than average sunspot activity.

[eyez4096]

I suppose for this article I should supply links to the sites that I've explored in an attempt to get a better rounded understanding of this topic. I'll try to do that but if I run out of time or if I can't find some of them well... I'll just have to do it at a later time.

The idea, as David has mentioned, though put into my wording:

Global expansion tectonics posits that the earth is growing which explains discrepancies in orbital measurements as well as in certain geological characteristics related to continental plate movement and the idea that the continents, at some time, "fit together" in the past.

What I've heard:

One guy suggests that new crustal material is perpetually coming through to the surface at oceanic ridges, much as modern plate tectonics supports. He believes, however, that instead of "subducting" or sliding underneath continents to support volcanism etc, this material adds to the size of the planet and the earth continually grows. If I remember correctly, he suggests that the amount of water has grown over time and that when the earth began to grow, there were few and small oceans.

Another guy suggests that small particulate material is always reaching the earth from space and that this builds layer upon layer to form the growing earth. He suggests, if I remember correctly, that the amount of biological material in the oceans believed to form many of the sedimentary rocks such as limestone is in fact insufficient to create such a large mass of rock. He suggests instead that these sediments are the accumulated material accreting from outer space continually. I don't recall him making any explanation for the amount of water on earth at this time or in past times but I imagine he would suggest that the water has arrived from space as well.

Plate tectonics, in brief:

Modern "fact" of plate tectonics suggests that the continents and their "plates" slide around on a plastic-like state of semi-molten rock in the mantle. They are gaining new material at the deep ocean ridges as new molten material rises from the mantle to the new ocean crust. This expanding crust was the source of some controversy as the theory was first presented, so it was decided that the ocean "trenches" must therefor be places where the new material (well, newer, but millions of years old) gets forced under the more buoyant continental material.

By my understanding, subduction, as described above, was the saving grace of the theory of modern plate tectonics because otherwise "where did the material go" ??

It is understood, then, that the new crust is forced under the continents where it partially remelts and contributes to both underground and aboveground volcanism or igneous rock formation. rate information for subduction zones is hard to acquire, however, but some people suggest that the amount of subduction, if it happens at all, is less than the amount of new rock created at ocean ridges. The extra rock must therefor contribute to the stress and force involved in earthquakes and mountain range formation right? That would be modern science's explanaiton by the best of my brief ability to relate.

Some problems:

I have read that the measured rates of subduction are just too much less than the rate of new material created at ocean ridges. I really desire to see some raw data for myself and put it into a computer model, but I've been unable to find such data. There is, however, some data postulating the rates at which new rock is formed at ridges, and it's actually pretty significant. Subduction would need to happen at a massive and (by my estimation) noticeable rate to keep up with the new material to keep much more massive stresses and mountain buildup from occuring.

So?:

Well, I've thought about this alot recently and even went so far to ask my earth science professor what he knew about expansion tectonics theories. His response, as paraphrased: "oh that? naw. Most scientists I've heard just say there's no good evidence." When pressed he effectively agreed that he hadn't given it much thought nor did he care to. Our current model works, after all, right?

But here are some of my thoughts which I hope will begin to get this discussion moving:

One thing I like about expansion tectonics which is almost NEVER mentioned is under the assumption that the amount of water on earth has remained at near current levels. That is, if the earth had less surface area, then the amount of water would need to be deeper and would cover more of the earth's crust. Indeed, at the 50% size most people suggest as a "pre-expansion" diameter would have FAR less surface area. Let me do a little math real fast.

surface area of a sphere: SA = 4*pi*r^2
surface area of sphere with 1/2*r as its radius: pi*r^2 (since 0.5^2 -> 1/4)

surface are of earth with half its current radius: .25 (25%) of current!

Suffice it to say that with near current water amounts, and such a smaller region for it to occupy, it's no wonder that life evolved first in the oceans and took SO long to come to land (not until ~250-300 million years ago by geological record). Indeed, many ancient deep sea fossils are found in what are now high mountain ranges. Perhaps the oxygenic atmosphere was NOT the limiting factor to life moving on land. Perhaps land itself was limiting?

I also like the idea (I believe presented by David) that massive ancient creatures are less anomalous if they lived on a smaller planet with less mass (and therefor less gravity). In fact, their disappearance makes even more sense since creatures much larger than a modern day elephant would be VERY hard to maintain in current gravity (structural and energetic demands for such animals are mammoth :)).

Some problems with JUST expansion without subduction etc:

Formation of mountain ranges and mid-continent volcanoes is certainly well explained by subduction theories. One suggestion for this phenomenon under the "new" theories would be that changes in surface geometry due to expanding surface in irregular ways would cause great amounts of folding and/or pressure on the crust. Perhaps they're due to differential pressures from the mantle which, by the same process, must also be expanding.

Accretion aside, where does the new material come from? Well, it's possible that the earth uses incoming radiation energy to morph densely packed materials in the core into the planetary elements we're familiar with. Or perhaps radiative energy from elements in the earth are heating it and the heat expands the earth (this is at odds with scientific postulates that the earth has been cooling from a molten ball for the last 4 billion years). Or, perhaps, there are processes we don't fully understand which directly turn heat/light energy into matter. Perhaps this is the nature of our planet. If anyone can think of good experiments to validate or disprove any one of these than GOOD! :)

What I think and what I want to actually discuss:

Personally I see a little truth in both the current tectonic model and the expansion theories. Subduction makes some logical sense, and provides explanation for a few well known phenomena. But perhaps the earth is producing new material faster than it can be sucked back in and recycled. As such, the earth would need to expand, which is what I've been talking about after all. Perhaps, also, the idea that new small particulates are constantly being sucked up by the earth's surface from outer space also has some validity. Maybe all these processes are happening at the same time.

I'd really like to find some solid date about the following things: First, I want to know if measurements are done to test if the gravity on earth is increasing or decreasing -- a slow change in gravity would be consistent with increased (or decreased) mass. I'd like to know if satellites can measure the size of the earth accurately enough to see if it is a constant. I'd like to know accurate data about how fast new material appears at ridges and how fast (if at all) it subducts in trenches. More than anything, though, I want to know if anyone has any ideas about viable ways by which the earth could be creating new matter, if that's indeed what it's doing. Is this a conscious phenomena having its roots in dimensions outside our own or is it a "physical law" based chemical/physical reaction we can observe and reproduce?

David, and group, I'd LOVE your feedback and input on any of the stuff I've brought up.

Oh.. sources..

http://www.expanding-earth.org/page_1.htm (accretion)
http://www.nealadams.com/nmu.html (linked form revealing III by David)

There are a number of other sources I've looked at but I think these begin to cover the bases.

DISCUSS!!!

-Charles Cox

[Mozart]

I'm sure that many of you have heard of the very powerful Solomon quakes that have happened recently in the Solomon Islands and now the news of significant land upliftment has come out:


http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070407/wl_afp/solomonsquakeisland_070407125221

""Water go back and not come back again," he added, saying the whooshing sound of the receding water and the shaking from the quake occurred simultaneously."


That's pretty quick land change right there, I say.

Note from moderator: The question is, where did the water go? Water levels are generally rising, so where is this dispalcement? It doesn't seem as if the land raised up as with displacement earthquakes. If the earth is expanding, then maybe the water is filling fissures? Or, do we have water levels correspondingly rising elsewhere? If you want to research this, we encourage your help!

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20070410/sc_livescience/earlyearthwaspurplestudysuggests

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Early Earth Was Purple, Study Suggests

The earliest life on Earth might have been just as purple as it is green today, a scientist claims.

Ancient microbes might have used a molecule other than chlorophyll to harness the Sun’s rays, one that gave the organisms a violet hue.

Chlorophyll, the main photosynthetic pigment of plants, absorbs mainly blue and red wavelengths from the Sun and reflects green ones, and it is this reflected light that gives plants their leafy color. This fact puzzles some biologists because the sun transmits most of its energy in the green part of the visible spectrum.

“Why would chlorophyll have this dip in the area that has the most energy?” said Shil DasSarma, a microbial geneticist at the University of Maryland.

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMZMD7DWZE_index_0.html

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Cluster sees tsunamis in space
12 April 2007

Cluster is providing new insights into the working of a ‘space tsunami’ that plays a role in disrupting the calm and beautiful aurora, or northern lights, creating patterns of auroral dances in the sky.

Generally seen in high-latitude regions such as Scandinavia or Canada, aurorae are colourful curtains of light that appear in the sky. Caused by the interaction of high-energy particles brought by the solar wind with Earth’s magnetic field, they appear in many different shapes.

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/04/070420-extinctions.html

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Ancient Mass Extinctions Caused by Cosmic Radiation, Scientists Say
Scott Norris
for National Geographic News

April 20, 2007
Cosmic rays produced at the edge of our galaxy have devastated life on Earth every 62 million years, researchers say.

The finding suggests that biodiversity has been strongly influenced by the motion of the solar system through the Milky Way and of the galaxy's movement through intergalactic space.

Mikhail Medvedev and Adrian Melott, both of the University of Kansas, presented their new theory at a meeting of the American Physical Society earlier this month.

The theory offers the first explanation for a mysterious pattern previously noted in the fossil record.

"There are 62-million-year ups and downs in the number of marine animals over the last 550 million years," Melott said.

[David Wilcock]

It's about time they started moving in the only obvious direction this data suggests... though they still obviously don't see the model.

Fairly soon I'm going to set out this whole aspect as I see it, since it will probably be too complex for the 2012 book and I can have something to link back to for those who want more technical detail.

As I've said before, we're basically dealing with 'nested spheres' of energy that expand away from the Galactic Center as the galaxy evolves. The stars and planets are bathed by these fields as they expand, since they do not move along with them -- the spheres move THROUGH them.

2012 is when we definitively break through to the next 'sphere'.

- David

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://www.livescience.com/environment/070504_new_particles.html

Be Well, Be Love.

David

NASA Discovers 'Twilight Zone' of New Air Particles
By Andrea Thompson

An extensive and previously unknown "twilight zone" of particles in the atmosphere could complicate scientists' efforts to determine how much the Earth's climate will warm in the future, a new study finds.

In addition to greenhouse gases, which absorb infrared radiation, or heat, emitted from Earth's surface and send it back to the ground, cloud droplets and aerosols, such as dust and air pollutants, in the atmosphere also affect the planet's temperature.

The exact overall effect of these two types of particles is still uncertain: while clouds block incoming solar radiation, water vapor also acts as a greenhouse gas, trapping heat like a blanket.

Now, recent satellite observations have found a zone of "in-between particles" in the air around clouds that was previously considered clear.

[pyramidnj]

Here is an interesting video which, according to Metodi Kolev: "This is an amazing theory that shows the Earth is in fact - getting larger. In the old theory (Pangaea theory ) we are asked to believe the continent swim or drift about willy-nilly, bumping and crashing, but this is not true.
The simple truth is apparently too upsetting to too many scientists. To admit that the Earth is growing is a very big deal - it would change everything in science - 100 years of scientific theory out the window."

http://www.hemuz.org/science/the-earth-is-growing.html

Interesting! Jo Anne

[charran]

Hi Jo Anne,

Yes. It is getting larger...and I work with geodesists (who study the size and shape of the Earth) all day long. They don't go into this very much but rather they talk about how far off at certain points the Earth's shape is from a perfect sphere or ellipsoid.

What is also very interesting is that the Earth is really not a sphere or even quite an ellipsoid (but we compare it to a perfect ellipsoid). It is more like one of those red potatoes with bumps in it and with some French fries cut out near Australia. Australia is on a deeper slope than many other parts of the world and hence the angles of the Sun hitting it at certain points can be rather intense.

Charran :)

[eyez4096]

I really really really want to find the guy who's working on this theory and talk with him... I suspect that he's 90% on the money.... but I question the idea that somehow the water just disappears back in time when it is supposed by biology that life began in the oceans a loooong time ago and took a looong time to move to land. This is perfectly accounted for if the volume of water remained near constant......

[jeremy6d]

This is an interesting theory that, of course, completely dovetails with the model David has constructed. However, if there is experimental data that proves it (rather than simply inferring from geological clues) that would be a great step forward!

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9143913

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Look down, look up, look out!
May 10th 2007 | KANGERLUSSUAQ, GREENLAND
From The Economist print edition

The weather in space is controlled by events at the centre of the Earth. A pity, then, that the magnetic field generated there may be about to go into reverse


GREENLAND was discovered without the use of magnetic compasses. The Viking longboats that arrived here in 982 relied on the stars and the sun to maintain their orientation. But it was the compass (a Chinese invention) that enabled later European navigators to bestride the world. It was the compass, too, which revealed that the Earth itself has a magnetic field and thus led to the first serious question about the planet's internal structure: what is down there that generates this field?

Such a question is not merely academic. Besides directing compasses, the Earth's magnetic field reaches out into space to direct the flow of the solar wind around the planet—forming a structure called the magnetosphere (depicted above). When the wind hits this field it creates a shock wave known as the bow shock. Most of the protons and electrons of the wind go round this shock wave, and lots of dangerous radiation from the sun is thus diverted away from the Earth.

There is, however, a growing body of evidence that the Earth's magnetic field is about to disappear, at least for a while. The geological record shows that it flips from time to time, with the south pole becoming the north, and vice versa. On average, such reversals take place every 500,000 years, but there is no discernible pattern. Flips have happened as close together as 50,000 years, though the last one was 780,000 years ago. But, as discussed at the Greenland Space Science Symposium, held in Kangerlussuaq this week, the signs are that another flip is coming soon.

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

This is from the guy who's responsible for the "Expanding Earth" video. You may have to copy and paste the links onto your browser to vies the videos...

Be Well, Be Love.

David

The Expanding Earth
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjgidAICoQI

Moon
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBT8KyWVxj8&mode=related&search=

Mars
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d44Jj_3gp-M&mode=related&search=

Mars II
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeUEzM7hsmY

Europa
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hH_5SFHXSzo&mode=related&search=

Ganymede

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Fsg1XJTbKA&mode=related&search=

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

Here's additional videos.

http://www.nealadams.com/nmu.html

Be Well, Be Love.

David

[LightEye]

Dear Friends,

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEM3DCV681F_index_0.html

Be Well, Be Love.

David

Cluster makes a shocking discovery
14 May 2007

ESA’s Cluster was in the right place and time to make a shocking discovery. The four spacecraft encountered a shock wave that kept breaking and reforming – predicted only in theory.

On 24 January 2001, Cluster’s spacecraft observed shock reformation in the Earth’s magnetosphere, predicted only in theory, over 20 years ago. Cluster provided the first opportunity ever to observe such an event, the details of which have been published in a paper on 9 March this year.
The shock wave that sits above the Earth’s surface is a natural phenomenon. It is located on the side facing the Sun, at approximately one quarter of the distance to the Moon, and is caused by the flow of electrically charged particles from the Sun.

This flow of electrically charged particles known as solar wind is emitted in a gusty manner by the Sun. When it collides with the Earth’s magnetic field, it is abruptly slowed down and this causes a barrier of electrified gas, called the bow shock, to build up. It behaves in the same way as water being pushed out of the way by the front of a ship.

[soup]

I can imagine the Earth as an oblate spheroid shaped balloon - as having plasma as component of its core which pressurizes or expands as it heats and becomes more energetic. Another element of this seems that as it heats, more material melts or vaporizes which creates more pressurized plasma. Floating in the center of the plasma seems a core. This core could have an element of angular momentum which causes it to spin faster as it is compressed to smaller size by the plasma (or gravitationally compressing), and as it spins faster it generates more friction which heats the plasma. Another element with the core could be that it perturbable in ways that the crust is not - as say a magnetic rotor of a motor driven by influences outside of a permeable rotor housing. In any case, it seemed to me that if the Earth is growing larger due to changes in the core, that surface percentage ice and water levels would be observed as changing which is difficult to tell by the video - it seems to depict the percentage of water surface area as expanding and this may be misleading, it may be shrinking - though another interpretation may be that the ice is melting over time.

[soup]

I was considering a theory of critical mass - the idea that when you get enough plutonium squished together in just the right way it forms a fusion bomb. Okay so plutonium is a heavy element which in a fluidic state may gravitate to regions below that of elements having lower density. This seems as analogous to how denser water gravitates below lower density oil. So it seems conceivable that there is likewise such elementary separations occuring in regions of the Earth's core and that there is naturally occuring episodes of fusion reactions which by its explosive nature perturbs things like the rotational dynamics of balanced magnetic rotor action that generate things like Earth's magnetic field. That said, it may be that after such fusion reactions, it takes a while for the plutonium to settle back to such states of critical mass, it may take eons of time.

[soup]

There is that saying "as above, as below", and it may apply in some regard to the idea of nuclear reactions, that there are nuclear reactions occur in regions of the core. It's difficult for me to conceive of what the largest nuclear bomb can do, though its probably in the 100's of megatons. Some say that there is so much potential energy in the form of nuclear bombs that it is simply a matter of time before one goes off.

So that makes me wonder about the core, if likewise something similar is true and yet uncontrolled by any political motives, just natural processes. The idea of some end of time event could conceivably happen right under our feet in the matter of milliseconds - without anyone pushing any button. It seems humbling to think about such events as that of a multi-megaton explosion detonating within proximity of the core in a way which perturbs the seemingly ever constant way of life we take for granted. I wonder if this is some mechanism by which very quick end of epoch turningpoints take place...

[daresh]

A new NASA satellite has recorded the first detailed images from space of a mysterious type of cloud called “night-shining” or “noctilucent."
The clouds are on the move, brightening and creeping out of polar regions, and researchers don't know why.
"It is clear that these clouds are changing, a sign that a part of our atmosphere is changing and we do not understand how, why or what it means," said atmospheric scientists James Russell III of Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia. "These observations suggest a connection with global change in the lower atmosphere and could represent an early warning that our Earth environment is being changed."

http://www.livescience.com/environment/070628_night_clouds.html

[Note from moderator: Spaceweather also has a great space pic of the clouds today on their site]

[pyramidnj]

Hey Guys, in the photo included with this article, if it is of the North Pole as I suspect, it seems to show the hole that would lead to Hollow Earth....or am I pipedreaming or somethin' like that?

I wonder what the deal is with these clouds...anybody have any ideas? :confused:

Check this out!
http://reference.aol.com/article/_a/mysterious-clouds-creeping-out-of-the/20070702113409990001

Love to all,
Jo Anne

[soup]

Maybe its related to so much air travel: commercial and/or military. Dare i suggest them a byproduct of / or related to - the infamous "chemtrails"?

[Metamike]

The clouds that NASA is talking about are actually chemtrails that have risen up to a higher level of the troposphere. I have studied Chemtrails in Norway for several years now and documented them extensively. When the chemtrails are really "sucessful" they get caught up in some sort of system that makes them climb - it might be the microfibers. When they climb, they get all whispy like angel hair. Because they are higher than other clouds, they are lit up by the sun a lot longer than those that are on lower levels. All the wondering and mystery is really bull****. I have some examples at my sight here:.
[please email MetaMike for the url]
Metamike:mad:

[donald@newdirectionscs.com]

I found this very thourogh article about chemtrails today. Donald

http://viewzone.com/chemtrails.html


All of us at one time or another have looked up into the sky and seen those beautiful, fluffy clouds floating by or some that just seem to hang there for our enjoyment. Some of them look as soft as a pillow. But, over the decade, we the people have seen those natural creations take on a more sinister apparition in the form of man made contrails. On December 19, 2004, I wrote a news column for NWVs on this very issue; see here. Immediately, my mail box filled up with assertions that the issue of contrails is just more conspiracy malarkey and it's just "steam" coming out of commercial airliners. This prompted me to write a follow up column; see here.

Over time, I met Rosalind Peterson, who has been doing the hard research on this issue; her credentials here. Rosalind's research has gone far and above what most people can imagine. One of the most important presentations she made during our meeting at the State Capitol in Sacramento, California (details here) were the water tables showing the spikes in aluminum and barium, and the FAA fly over sheets for the Mendocino area. Even the nit wit at Rep. Neillo's office was surprised when Rosalind presented these documents which clearly showed military and civilian plane patterns; color ink is used to designate which is military and which are civilian planes, private or commercial. Neillo's aide could clearly see was one set of fly overs were unidentified. These fly over patterns are silly when you look at them. They go crisscross and in circles and then simply fly off into the sunset. No one can tell you why this crazy fly over pattern on a specific day or who these planes belong to and unfortunately, Neillo's aide simply refused to look into the matter. He arrogantly told me the contrails in Sacramento that I observed from my house only three miles from the airport were from commercial jets. Of course, it makes perfect sense that 2-4 commercial jet liners like Delta or United, would take off from the Sacramento airport at the same time, fly north and south and then east and west for 3-4 hours and then head for Philly or Boston. Now, why didn't I think of that!

The one thing Rosalind can tell you: When those planes leave her area (Mendocino County), the sky is no longer a brilliant, clear blue, but a gray, drab color, the same as Sacramento and now where I live.

[daresh]

This ties neatly in with the shift to 3D 75000 years ago....


The eruption at what is now Lake Toba in the Indonesia island of Sumatra roughly 75,000 years ago was the largest in the last 2 million years. This gigantic blast released at least 7.7 trillion tons or 670 cubic miles of magma, equivalent in mass to more than 19 million Empire State Buildings.

http://www.livescience.com/history/070710_toba_winter.html

[Chris Hamilton]

New theories and discoveries of our home sphere.

[wicherink]

A vast chunk of Earth sliding under Mexico has surprisingly reversed direction, puzzling geologists and leaving them wondering whether the ground might be poised to pummel Mexico City with a devastating earthquake.

Meantime, the reversal of the fault is itself an important discovery. Similar reversals have been noted at other subduction zones, such as the highly active Cascadia region off the coast of Washington and Oregon. But this is the largest such backward event so far detected.

It seems science is catching up with the growing earth model.
Regards
Jan


http://www.livescience.com/environment/070802_fault_backward.html

[MarkM]

Maybe we'll call these 'extrusion' zones, in the not too far off future.:rolleyes:

[wicherink]

Then later that day, a professionally produced, half-hour documentary video was show that features the work of Dr. Meyl and others on the question of the expanding earth and neutrino absorption by Earth turning to matter causing the Earth to gradually expand. I was fascinated by this alternative explanation for what is otherwise explained by the plate tectonic theory, provides a compelling case for how the land masses once fit together, then separated as the earth expanded to around twice its radius.

Regards
Jan


http://pesn.com/2007/08/01/9500486_KonstantinMeyl_scalar_waves_neutrino_power/

[weboy78]

watch this

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ij5kvyWs9ww

[Moderator: this is a video of Neal Adam's theory. We have his site on DC forum elsewhere, and you can search the forum to find that]